Marein ameliorates Ang II/hypoxia‐induced abnormal glucolipid metabolism by modulating the HIF‐1α/PPARα/γ pathway in H9c2 cells

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of marein, a major bioactive compound in functional food Coreopsis tinctoria, in hypertrophic H9c2 cells. Treating angiotensin II/hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells with marein led to decreasing cell surface area, intracellular total protein, atrial natriuretic peptide, and free fatty acids levels, but increasing glucose level. Marein treatment decreased hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, glucose transporter-4, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase protein expressions, and increased PPARα, fatty acid transport protein-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 protein expressions. Similar results were observed in HIF-1α-overexpressing H9c2 cells, whereas these effects were abolished in siRNA-HIF-1α-transfected H9c2 cells. It was concluded that marein could ameliorate abnormal glucolipid metabolism in hypertrophic H9c2 cells, and the effects could be attributable to reduction of HIF-1α expression and subsequent regulation PPARα/γ-mediated lipogenic gene expressions.