Efficacy of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf, Lippia multiflora Moldenke and hot water in the control of seed-borne fungi Phoma sorghina and their effects on Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seed germination and plants development in Burkina Faso

The effects of two essential oils (Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia multiflora) and varying durations of hot water at 50°C on seed-borne fungi Phoma sorghina on five varieties of sorghum were evaluated using morphological traits. The varieties were ICSV 1001, Sariaso 03, ICSV 1049, Kapelga and the local variety, 1341So07. The results indicate that hot water treatment and essential oil of C. citratus significantly reduced the infection level of P. sorghina compared to untreated seeds, seeds treated with sterile water and fungicide Calthio C. Essential oil of L. multiflora, significantly lowered the infection level of P. sorghina, compared to untreated seeds and seeds treated with water in varieties of white grain such as Sariaso 03 and ICSV 1049. Hot water treatment did not have a repressive effect against sorghum seed germination for all the varieties tested. On the contrary, essential oil of C. citratus had an inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds of varieties Kapelga and ICSV 1049 compared to untreated seed. On the other varieties tested, it reduced the number of germinated seeds in comparison to untreated seed. According to tested varieties, essential oil of L. multiflora had an inhibitory effect (on ICSV 1049) or improved seed germination (on Kapelga). In general, the treatments applied have improved the development of sorghum plants grown from treated seed.