Hematopoietic engraftment from a minimal number of apheresis procedures after mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells with chemotherapy and rhG-CSF

Abstract In a cohort of 13 patients, peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were harvested by apheresis after mobilization with chemotherapy and rhG-CSF. Nine patients who had excellent mobilization were transplanted with PBSC concentrates from a minimal number of apheresis procedures (mean of 1.5, range = 1–3). During collection, the number of circulating progenitors was on average 50 times higher than those observed at the steady state in the peripheral blood of healthy unstimulated individuals. The mean number of CFU-GM/kg reinfused per patient was 28.1 × 10 4 (range = 18.0–50 × 10 4 ). The use of rhGCSF, at either 1 or 5 μg/kg/day, resulted in a significantly greater yield of CFU-GM per mononuclear cells than that observed previously in a comparable group of patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Prompt and durable engraftment occurred after myeloablative chemotherapy. The average duration of absolute neutropenia was 9 days. Transfusion requirements were low with an average of four packed red cellunits and two platelet transfusions per patient. The shortest follow-up is 5 months and the longest is 20+ months. The convenience of this new approach to support myeloablative therapy offers new possibilities for the administration of a higher dose-intensity of chemotherapeutic agents. A limited number of apheresis procedures timely harvested will improve the cost effectiveness of transplant programs.