Observation of surface radiation and turbulent flux on drift ice over the Arctic Ocean in summer 2016

The surface radiation and turbulent fluxes over 82°N drifting ice in the Arctic Ocean in summer were measured from August 7 to August 14 during the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2016 (CHINARE2016). The results show that the surface albedo of drifting ice range from 0.64 to 0.92 with an average of 0.78. Four different snow/ice albedo parameterizations (PW79, HIRHAM, ARCSYM and CCSM3) which are used in a variety of climate models are evaluated by comparing with the in-situ observations, the most complex CCSM3 scheme agreed best with the observations, but cannot well capture the rapid increasing of albedo which is induced by snowfall. The average sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and net radiation over the snow/ice surface are 1.73 W/m2, 5.55 W/m2 and 18.10 W/m2, respectively. The melting rate of ice surface is (0.30±0.22) cm/d, which shows that the drifting ice is gaining heat and under rapidly melting. The average momentum flux over the ice surface is 0.098 (kg·m/s)/(m2·s). The momentum flux has a good correlation with the wind speed and the correlation coefficient reached 0.80.