Mecanismos de tolerancia a elementos potencialmente tóxicos en plantas

Plants possess a wide array of potential cellular mechanisms that may be involved in the tolerance to potentially toxic elements. These mechanisms include mycorrhizal associations, heavy metals binding to cell wall, precipitation by extracellular exudates; reduction in uptake or effl ux pumping of metals at the plasma membrane, chelation of metals in the cytosol by peptides such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, histidina free, proline free, and the compartmentation of metals in the vacuole by tono- plast-located transporters. This review provides a broad overview of the evidence of the involvement of each mechanism in plants' tolerance to potentially toxic metals.