Proposition of Design Capacity of Borehole Heat Exchangers for Use in the Schematic-Design Stage

This study proposes a simple ground heat exchanger design capacity that is applicable in the schematic-design stage for several configurations used for borehole heat exchangers (BHEs). Three configurations—single, compact, and irregular types—were selected, and the heat transfer rate per unit BHE was calculated considering heat interference. In a case study with a typical configuration and general range of ground thermal conductivity, the BHE heat transfer rate of the compact configuration decreased owing to heat interference as the number of BHEs increased. However, with respect to the irregular configuration, the heat transfer rate increased as the same number increased. This was attributed to the relatively large increment rate of the distance between the boreholes in the irregular configurations, making the heat recovery factor more dominant than the heat interference. The results show that the average heat transfer rate values per BHE applicable to each configuration type in the schematic-design stage were 12.1 kW for the single configuration, 5.8 kW for the compact type, and 10.3 kW for the irregular configuration. However, owing to the large range of results for each case study, the error needs to be reduced by maximally utilizing the information available at the schematic-design stage.