Study on Induction of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Polyploids with Colchicine

[Objective] This study aimed to obtain Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids and provide high-efficiency raw materials for the preparation of biological pesticides. [Method]Terminal bud growing points of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. seedlings were treated with 0. 1%,0. 2%,0. 3% colchicine and 1% agar solution for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively,while Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. without treatment was adopted as the control. The mutagenic effect of various concentrations of colchicine was calculated. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants were identified using morphological,anatomical and cytological methods. [Result] Induction with 0. 2% colchicine for 48 h led to the highest mutagenic effect. Compared with the control,leaf width and leaf thickness of mutants were enhanced by 40. 15% and 33. 25%,respectively; vertical and horizontal diameter of stomata of mutants were enhanced by 30. 25% and 60. 82%,respectively; the stomata density of mutants was improved by 150%. Identification of meiotic chromosome of pollen mother cells using compression method showed that the chromosome number of microspore cells of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants was n = 2x = 36,while that of the control was n = x = 18,indicating that the mutants were tetraploids. [Conclusion] Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids were induced using the traditional liquid droplet method,which was easy and direct with simple operation and good effect to acquire a large number of polyploid materials within a short time.