Der Einfluß einiger Ophthalmologen des deutschsprachigen Raumes auf die Entwicklung der amerikanischen Augenheilkunde

: German-speaking immigrants came to America at the end of the seventeenth century from Central Europe, in the 19th century predominantly from Germany, in the 20th century from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Herrmann Knapp (1839-1911), 1859 member of Eye Department in Heidelberg, 1867 immigration, 1879 foundation of American Archives of Ophthalmology, continued to be Editor together with his son Arnold until 1948. Julius Homberger (1839-1872), born in Frankfurt, 1861 immigration, foundation of American Journal of Ophthalmology (1862-1865). Favored specialisation in medicine, Secretary of Section of Surgery in the new American Medical Association 1864, expelled 1868. Adolf Alt (1851-1920), 1875 graduation at the University in Heidelberg, 1875 immigration, 1879 publication of his book in English and German "The Normal and Pathological Histology of the Human Eye". In 1883 second foundation of the American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1896 first president of Western Ophthalmological Society, 1882 member of American Ophthalmological Society. Karl Koller (1857-1944) from Bohemia, 1882 graduation in Vienna, 1884 discovery of anaesthetic effect of cocaine, 1888 immigration, 1889 chief of Mount Sinai Hospital, 1922 Howe-Medal, member of American Ophthalmological Society. Ludwig von Sallman (1892-1975), 1919 graduation in Vienna, 1939 immigration, head of Laboratories of Hermann Knapp Memorial Hospital, New York, 1956 chief of National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Bethesda, 1947 member of American Ophthalmological Society, 1959 Howe-Medal. Bertha A. Klien-Montcreiff (1898-1978), 1925 graduation in Vienna, 1928 immigration to Chicago, 1959 Professor at the University of Chicago, clinicopathological correlation of ophthalmoscopic and histologic findings in oil paintings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)