Endoplazmik Retikulum Stresinde Hücre Sağkalim ve Ölüm Karari Cell Life and Death Decision in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are protein and lipid biosynthesis, protein folding and trafficking, calcium homeostasis, and several other vital processes. Accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lead to alterations in ER homeostasis. When celular states damage ER functions, ER stress take place and subsequent activates a pathway named as the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR signalling pathways increase level of ER chaperones, regulate protein translation. UPR has two opposite function: first reestablish ER homeostasis and second improve adaptive mechanisms involving the stimulation apoptosis or autophagy. UPR is not overcome of stress conditions, as the third phenomenon can allow survival and growth of cell. Consequently, various pathological conditions including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer can occur.