Penalty Methods for Turbulent Flows Interacting with Obstacles

The objective is to evaluate the applicability of the penalty method for practically high-Re flows and to investigate the influence of wall model on the quality of the predicted results. This penalty method is introduced at first time on staggered Cartesian grid and then using unstructured mesh. For validation, due to faster convergence, 2D finite volume method in a cartesian grid is used to numerically investigate the incompressible unsteady laminar (Re = 100) and turbulent (Re = 3900) flow around a circular cylinder and the turbulent flow in a channel at \(Re_{u_{\tau}}=395\). 3D simulation is performed on an unstructured grid to simulate the turbulent flow behind a circular cylinder at Re = 3900 without the use of a wall model.