Genome Analysis of the Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolate NRZ14408 Reveals Horizontal Gene Transfer Pathways towards Panresistance and Enhanced Virulence

Colistin is used as a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, in particular for carbapenem-resistant isolates. Resistance to colistin in Enterobacteriaceae species has been attributed to chromosomal mutations ([1][1]),