Cracking inhibition of nano-TiC reinforced René 104 superalloy fabricated by selective laser melting

Abstract The introduction of ceramic nanoparticles enables to inhibit the cracking of additively manufactured “hard-to-weld” nickel-based superalloy. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of cracking elimination have not been formed a consensus understanding. Additionally, it is difficult to disperse uniformly due to its high specific surface energy. In this study, TiC/Rene 104 nanocomposite powder was produced using micron-sized TiC particles by ball milling, and nano-TiC reinforced Rene 104 superalloy was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The grain refinement and columnar-to-equiaxed grain transition of Rene 104 superalloy are effectively promoted as a result of the heterogeneous nucleation provided by TiC nanoparticles. The cracking density of as-printed TiC-Rene 104 is reduced by 83.3%, and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by 31.3% and 113.9%, respectively. The cracking inhibition is ascribed to the significant grain refinement, the diminishment of HAZ area and the formation of fine equiaxed microstructure. The research supplies a prospective approach to inhibit cracking and strengthen mechanical properties in the additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys with poor weldability.