The relationship between maternal weight gain in pregnancy and newborn weight

Abstract Aim This study investigated the impacts of different pre-pregnancy body mass indexes and gestational weight gain on the risk of delivering a high birth weight infant in China. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong Province and 2415 women who had a singleton birth were included in the study. A logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline regression were used to analyse the association. Findings The risk of delivering a high birth weight infant increases when the mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index exceeds 24 kg/m 2 . Compared with women whose pre-pregnancy body mass index was 21 kg/m 2 , the adjusted risk of delivering a high birth weight infant doubled when the mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index was 29 kg/m 2 , and nearly tripled when the mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index was 31 kg/m 2 . Compared with women who had a gestational weight gain of 12.0 kg, women having a gestational weight gain of 20.0 kg, 22.0 kg, and 26.0 kg had a 1.7-, 2.2-, and 3.5-fold increased risk of delivering a high birth weight infant. When the mother experiences a gestational weight gain greater than 27 kg, the risk of delivering a high birth weight infant is at least 4-fold greater than that for a mother who has a gestational weight gain of 12.0 kg. Conclusions Proposed strategies to raise public awareness of the risks to infants posed by high maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain are required. All clinical recommendations and measures are for all pregnant women, not just overweight and obese pregnant women.