A mitokondriális szénhidrát és aszkorbinsav transzport és anyagcsere szerepe az ozmotikus és oxidatív stresszadaptációban. = The role of mitochondrial carbohydrate and ascorbic acid transport and metabolism in the osmotic and oxidative stress adaptation.

2013 
Hipotezisunket, mely szerint a novenyi mitokondrium aldoz reduktaz aktivitassal es kovetkezmenyes szorbittermelessel bir sikerult igazolnunk. Mitokondrialis III-as komplex mutans ppr40-1 Arabidopsis novenyekből izolalt mitokondriumok eseteben emelkedett, aszkorbat bioszintetikus, galaktono-1,4-lakton dehidrogenaz aktivitast figyeltunk meg. Ezzel parhuzamosan a Foyer-Halliwell-Asada ciklus enzimei, illetve a GSH szintje is emelkedett volt a mutans novenyekben. Mind a fokozott bioszintezis, mind a fokozott reciklalas ellenere, a redukalt es a teljes aszkorbat szint is alacsonyabbnak bizonyult a mutans novenyekben, sőt a mutans novenyekből szarmazo mitokondriumokban az aszkorbat/DHA redox statusz egyertelműen az oxidalt iranyba tolodott el. Igy kijelenthetjuk, hogy ezen mechanizmusok bar tompitjak a komplex III defektus kovetkezteben kialakulo oxidativ stresszt, de teljes mertekben nem kepesek legyűrni azt. Dohany mitokondriumok eseteben meghataroztuk a ket jelenleg ismert DHA redukcios utvonal (respiracio fuggő es a Foyer-Halliwell-Asada ciklus) aranyat. Megerősitettuk, hogy az akut acetaminofen toxicitas kivaltotta oxidativ stressz kaszpaz fuggetlen sejthalalt indukal. Ezen felul megallapitottuk, hogy az AIF transzlokacio farmakologias gatlasaval elkerulhető, de mindenesetre kesleltethető az acetaminofen indukalta programozott sejthalal. Leirtuk, hogy az mtDNS deplecio Rho0-as majsejtvonalon a sulfhidril oxidoreduktaz ALR tultermeleset vonja maga utan. | Our hypothesis that plant mitochondria contain an aldose reductase activity and consequent mitochondrial sorbit formation has been confirmed by HPLC-MS-MS detection. We showed that the activity of the ascorbate biosynthetic enzyme, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3) (GLDH) was elevated in mitochondria isolated from the complex III mutant ppr40-1 Arabidopsis plants. In addition increased activities of the enzymes of Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle and elevated glutathione (GSH) level were observed in the mutant mitochondria. Lower ascorbate and ascorbate plus dehydroascorbate contents were detected at both cellular and mitochondrial level. Moreover, the more oxidized mitochondrial redox status of ascorbate in the ppr40-1mutant indicated that neither the enhanced activity of GLDH nor Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle could compensate for the enhanced ascorbate consumption in the absence of a functional respiratory chain. The ratio of the two known DHA reduction pathways (Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle and respiration dependent) was determined in tobacco mitochondria. It was reaffirmed that acute acetaminophen toxicity involves oxidative stress-induced caspase-independent cell death. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of AIF translocation may effectively protect against or at least delay acetaminophen-induced programmed cell death. The over-expression of the sulfhydryl oxydoreductase ALR was described due to the loss of mtDNA in a Rho0 hepatic cell line.
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