Politics of innovation and development: The role of industry associations in integrating political, bureaucratic, industrial and health systems in India and South Africa

Integrating political, bureaucratic, industrial and healthcare systems has been a major challenge for politics of innovation and development policy in low-and middle-income countries. This challenge has so far been understood in terms of separate industrial and health-related innovation policies without paying adequate attention to the institutional roles of biopharmaceutical and other umbrella associations. This article seeks to examine such roles in the developmental contexts of South Africa and India. The argument put forward is that, in both countries, biopharmaceutical and umbrella associations have evolved from lobbying organizations to institutional partners who influence the politics of innovation and development— and therefore the degree of integration and fragmentation— of political, bureaucratic, industrial innovation and health systems.