Indoor Mobility Prediction for mmWave Communications using Markov Chain

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication, which has already been a part of the fifth generation of mobile communication networks (5G), would result in ultra dense small cell deployments due to its limited coverage characteristics. To enable seamless handovers between indoor and outdoor environments, a mobility prediction of an indoor user is studied by deploying Markov chains. Based on the effect of external factors on the user’s mobility, a simulation scenario is created to model the trajectory of an indoor user w.r.t the most visited areas before leaving the indoor environment. Based on that, a method for initializing the transition matrix of Markov chains is proposed, via Q-learning. The proposed solution is compared to a standard online learning Markov chain model in terms of different mobility models and learning rates. Results show that the proposed solution is always able to outperform the standard method in terms of prediction accuracy.