Genetic variations and relationships between deformed wing virus strains infesting honey bees based on structural proteins

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is considered among the most common pathogens in bee colonies worldwide. This virus is anticipated to contribute in causing the mass collapse of bee colonies and winter colony losses. The sequences and amino acids of proteins for some strains are currently available. So, tools of bioinformatics can be applied to investigate these sequences. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships between 21 strains of this virus isolated from honey bees in Europe, Asia, USA, New Zealand and Chile based on amino acids and protein sequences. Phylogenetic relationships were studied in combination with genetic network to understand mutations in the common ancestors. The results showed low number of mutations between strains of Asia and those of the USA, New Zealand, Chile and some European countries while high number of mutations was detected between those of Asia and Western European countries. The results showed the occurrence of mutations rapidly in the sequences of this virus with suggestion to its ability to adapt with different environments. Also, sequence and statistical analyses were used to shade more lights on the variations between strains. Additionally, some specific primers were deigned based on the protein sequences of these strains. These primers were tested against the full sequences of all strains and their ability to identify DWV strains was discussed. The current investigation extends the knowledge about this dangerous virus especially the obtained results were based on protein sequences of DWV strains.