Design, synthesis, and action of oxotremorine-related hybrid-type allosteric modulators of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

A novel series of muscarinic receptor ligands of the hexamethonio-type was prepared which contained, on one side, the phthalimidopropane or 1,8-naphthalimido-2,2-dimethylpropane moiety typical for subtype selective allosteric antagonists and, on the other, the acetylenic fragment typical for the nonselective orthosteric muscarinic agonists oxotremorine, oxotremorine-M, and related muscarinic agonists. Binding experiments in M2 receptors using [3H]N-methylscopolamine as an orthosteric probe proved an allosteric action of both groups of hybrids, 7a−10a and 8b−10b. The difference in activity between a-group and b-group hybrids corresponded with the activity difference between the allosteric parent compounds. In M1−M3 muscarinic isolated organ preparations, most of the hybrids behaved as subtype selective antagonists. [35S]GTPγS binding assays using human M2 receptors overexpressed in CHO cells revealed that a weak intrinsic efficacy was preserved in 8b−10b. Thus, attaching muscarinic allosteric antagonist mo...