Difficult airway in a child with severe dystonia

Objective: To describe the management of a 15-year-old girl with repeated life-threatening complications of her tracheostomy secondary to muscle dystonia and thoracolumbocervical lordosis. Method: This paper reports a retrospective case review. Results: Regular microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, treatment with systemic steroids and a soft tracheostomy tube, in addition to better control of the dystonia, resulted in control of the patient's airway. This minimised tracheal inflammation and granulation tissue formation. Conclusion: The need for a tracheostomy in patients with thoracolumbocervical lordosis and severe dystonia should be considered only after all other options of airway management have been explored. Every attempt should be made to minimise tracheal trauma caused by excessive movement of a tracheostomy tube.