Managing paradoxical tensions in a coopetitive context: Horizontal multiple-firm coopetition

The paradox that unifies cooperation and competition can be at the root of several tensions (Gnyawali and Park 2009). The increase in the number of partners involved makes coopetition more complex, as well as exacerbating the tensions related to this increase. Consequently, the management of tensions is essential for coopetition to evolve over time. Our exploratory study investigates a case of horizontal multiple-firm coopetition, in order to better understand how tensions evolve and how they are managed. In this article, we identify the paradoxical tensions of coopetition as they develop over time and the related risks. The coopetitors increase their repertoire of coopetition strategies in order to overcome tensions. Additionally, we note that the management of paradoxical tensions helps coopetitive relationships to evolve, as well as allowing partners to benefit from coopetition opportunities. Lastly, our study reveals the existence of a coopetitive portfolio for coopetitive managers.