Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass for Cerebral Vasculitis After Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Cerebral vasculitis owing to chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is very rare. To our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported. We describe the first case of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass for cerebral vasculitis owing to GVHD. Case Description A 59-year-old woman presented with right upper extremity weakness and dysarthria 33 months after undergoing matching allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The patient had STA-MCA bypass for MCA occlusion and resting cerebral blood flow in the left MCA area improved. Conclusions Although the mechanism of cerebral vasculitis after chronic GVHD is not known, cerebral vasculitis that causes cerebrovascular disease long after bone marrow transplantation should be considered. In this case, an STA-MCA bypass was efficient for the repeated ischemic attacks owing to cerebral vasculitis. Moreover, it is important to select the optimal recipient vessels to area originated neurologic symptoms.