Serum adsorption, cellular internalization and consequent impact of cuprous oxide nanoparticles on uveal melanoma cells: implications for cancer therapy

Aim: To investigate the biological fate of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O-NPs) and to evaluate their potential in uveal melanoma therapy. Materials & methods: The protein corona, cellular uptake mechanism and localization of Cu2O-NPs were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of Cu2O-NPs on uveal melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and possible mechanisms were studied in detail. Results: Cu2O-NPs are able to adsorb serum proteins in cell culture medium, which are then internalized by uveal melanoma cells mainly through lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, Cu2O-NPs selectively inhibit cancer cell growth and impair the ability of uveal melanoma cell migration, invasion and the cytoskeleton assembly. The mechanism may be that Cu2O-NPs located in and damage mitochondria, autophagolysosomes and lysosomes, leading to elevated reactive oxygen species level and over-stimulated apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion: The data provide detailed information of Cu2O-NPs for further applicatio...