Histological Regeneration Process of "Neo-esophagus"

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE: During the reconstruction process of organs or tissues, different implant materials can lead to different healing results because of different extracellular matrix interfaces and tissue biocompatibilities. This study was to observe the regeneration process of "neo-esophagus" after implanting an artificial esophagus, and investigate its healing mechanism. METHODS: Histopathologic studies on neo-esophagus in 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation were performed using gross-giant specimen technique and special staining methods. The processes of tissue molding and reconstruction, and regeneration of high-level cell organ in "neo-esophagus" were observed. RESULTS: The artificial esophagus temporarily replaced the defective esophagus at the early stage after implantation, and dropped off about 1 month after operation. The epithelization of neo-esophagus induced by host tissue was completed about 3-6 months after operation. The submucous muscle layer, mucous glands, nerve fiber, and capillaries were reconstructed about 12 months after operation. The narrowing of "neo-esophagus" occurred about 3-6 months after operation and was relieved 12 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: The implanted artificial esophagus made of bio-material can replace the defective esophagus at the early stage, and induce connective tissues, including collagen and fibroblasts, to deposit and cover on it to form neo-esophagus. The neo-esophagus is developed by epithelization and reconstruction of submucous muscle layer, mucous glands, nerve fiber, and capillaries 12 months after operation. The narrowing of "neo-esophagus" is caused by overgrowth and contraction of scars.