Improvement of Early Vascular Changes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children After a Six-Month Exercise Program

Objectives The present study aimed to assess the effect of a 6-month exercise program in obese children on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cardiovascular risk factors (RF). Background Childhood obesity contributes to adult obesity and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Physical inactivity is a major RF for obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated carotid IMT, culminating in early atherosclerotic disease. Methods Sixty-seven obese subjects (age 14.7 ± 2.2 years) were randomly assigned to 6 months’ exercise or non-exercise protocol. We examined the influence of exercises (1 h, 3 times/week) on FMD, IMT, and cardiovascular risk profile. Results Compared with lean control subjects, obese children demonstrated at baseline significantly impaired FMD (4.09 ± 1.76% vs. 10.65 ± 1.95%, p Conclusions The present study documented increased IMT, impaired endothelial function, and various elevated cardiovascular RF in young obese subjects. Regular exercise over 6 months restores endothelial function and improves carotid IMT associated with an improved cardiovascular risk profile in obese children.