Infection with hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human retroviruses (HTLV-1 and HIV) in Saudi children receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy.

Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV) human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) were studied in 53 Saudi children (31 males 22 females; 1-12 years of age) receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy and in 168 healthy Saudi children taken as controls. Exposure to HBV in the patients was similar to that in the controls (6% HBsAg in patients vs. 7% in the controls; 19% exposure rate in patients vs. 20% in controls). None of our patients was vaccinated against HBV prior to chemotherapy. The fact that among the 10 HBV exposed patients five patients were anti-HBs-positive is in favor of vaccinating Saudi oncology patients against HBV prior to chemotherapy. In contrast to the situation with HBV the prevalence of anti-HCV in the patients (11%) was significantly higher than that in the controls (1%; p = 0.003). None of our patients or the controls were anti-HTLV-1 or anti-HIV-positive. The results of this study stress the need for an awareness of HCV problems in Saudi oncology patients. Strict measures of screening blood donors for all blood-borne viruses and in particular for HCV in addition to the use of disposable equipment in management of cancer patients are items that should be implemented as soon as possible. (authors)