Patient Engagement in Medical Device Design: Refining the Essential Attributes of a Wearable, Pre-Void, Ultrasound Alarm for Nocturnal Enuresis

Background To date, no pre-void wearable alarm exists to treat nocturnal enuresis (NE)—night-time bedwetting, and children with NE and their families are disappointed in relation to the post-void moisture alarms and medicine currently available. Development of a safe, comfortable and non-invasive wearable pre-void alarm and associated technology, using advanced mechatronics, is underway (the MyPAD device). Each stage of development includes patient and public involvement (PPI), particularly with respect to human factors, in collaboration with physicians, radiologists, psychologists, nurses, engineers and designers.