Adaptive Wild Introgression Mediate Temporal Wheat Root Water Influxes under Drought Stress through Plant-Atmospheric Interrelations

The intensity of water stress experienced by plants depends upon soil moisture status as well as atmospheric variables such as temperature, radiation, and air vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Although the role of shoot architecture with these edaphic and atmospheric factors is well-characterized, the extent to which shoot and root dynamic interactions as a continuum are controlled by genotypic variation is less known. Here, we targeted these interactions using a wild emmer introgression line (IL20) with a distinct drought-induced shift in the shoot-to-root ratio and its drought-sensitive recurrent parent Svevo. Using a gravimetric platform, we show that IL20 maintained higher root water influx and gas exchange under drought stress, which supported a greater growth. Interestingly, the advantage of IL20 in root water influx and transpiration was expressed earlier during the daily diurnal cycle under lower VPD and therefore supported higher transpiration efficiency. Application of structural equation model indicates that under drought stress, VPD and radiation are antagonistic to transpiration rate, whereas the root water influx operates as feedback for the higher atmospheric responsiveness of leaves. Collectively, these results suggest that a drought-induced shift in root-to-shoot ratio can improve plant water uptake potential in a short preferable time window determined by both water and atmospheric parameters.