Cytokines and Growth Factors Involved in the Osseointegration of Oral Titanium Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus a Drill Technique: A Pilot Study in Minipigs

Background: Most dental implants are positioned using a drilling surgery technique. However, dentistry recently experienced the implementation of piezoelectric surgery. This technique was introduced to overcome some of the limitations involving rotating instruments in bone surgery. This study used biomolecular and histologic analyses to compare the osseointegration of porous implants positioned using traditional drills versus the piezoelectric bone surgery technique.Methods: Porous titanium implants were inserted into minipig tibias. Histomorphology and levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1β and -10 were evaluated in the peri-implant osseous samples.Results: Histomorphological analyses demonstrated that more inflammatory cells were present in samples from drilled sites. Also, neo-osteogenesis was consistently more active in bone samples from the implant sites that were prepared using piezoelectric bone surgery. Mor...