Reality Check: The Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Medicine

Artificial intelligence is poised to transform clinical medicine, yet for successful implementation to occur we must also appreciate its limitations. The heterogeneity of current research, particularly in relation to the use of data, means that results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to a population level. Robust study designs are required to minimise the introduction of bias into artificial intelligence models and generate a strong body of evidence. Identifying the specific areas of healthcare where artificial intelligence can have the greatest impact will be essential in ensuring it has a positive influence on clinical outcomes and patient experience over the coming years.