Immunolocalization in Secondary Xylem of Populus

: Immunolocalization can be used to precisely visualize the location of specific proteins, cell wall components, or any other molecules within cells or tissues for which specific antibodies are available. Here we describe an immunolocalization protocol for tissue sections of woody Populus stems. The protocol includes descriptions of the required sectioning, fixation, probing, detection, and imaging parameters, as well suggested controls useful in interpreting results.