Pharmacologic Prophylaxis of Calcium Stones

The management of nephrolithiasis forms an important part of urologic practice. The recurrence rate after forming an initial stone is reported to be as high as 50% at 5 yr and 80–90% at 10 yr, highlighting the importance of medical prophylactic therapy. A better understanding of pathophysiology and formulation of diagnostic criteria for different etiologies of nephrolithiathis have made feasible the adoption of selective treatment programs. the objectives of medical stone management should be: 1. Correct the Underlying Phisiocochemical and Phisiologic derannagements. 2. Prevent new stone formation. 3. Avoid nonrenalcomplicatations of the disease Process. 4. Be free of serious side-effects.