Tratamiento del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con radioyodo a la luz de las guías y de la literatura científica

2019 
espanolEn el cancer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT), el tratamiento con 131I se administra para eliminar tejido tiroideo residual sano postiroidectomia (tratamiento ablativo), para tratar enfermedad residual microscopica (tratamiento adyuvante) y para tratar enfermedad macroscopica o metastasica. A dia de hoy, el tratamiento con 131I del CDT es todavia un tema de controversia debido a la ausencia de ensayos clinicos prospectivos que evaluen su beneficio en cuanto a supervivencia global e intervalo libre de recurrencia. Las recomendaciones actuales de los expertos se basan en datos retrospectivos observacionales y en su interpretacion de la literatura. A la espera de los resultados de los ensayos prospectivos actualmente en marcha, la utilizacion del 131I parece estar justificada no solamente en los pacientes de alto riesgo, sino tambien en los de riesgo intermedio y bajo. Para la realizacion del presente documento de formacion continuada se han considerado las guias de la Sociedad Americana y Britanica de Tiroides, de las Sociedades Europea y Americana de Medicina Nuclear, el consenso del Grupo Europeo y la ultima edicion del National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), asi como se ha revisado la literatura cientifica relacionada. EnglishIn differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), radioiodine is administered to eliminate residual normal thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy (ablative treatment), to treat residual microscopic disease (adjuvant treatment), and to treat macroscopic or metastatic disease. Currently, treatment of DTC with 131I is still a matter of controversy due to the absence of prospective clinical trials assessing its benefit in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free interval. The current recommendations of the experts are based on observational retrospective data and on their interpretation of the literature. Pending the results of the prospective trials that are currently underway, the use of 131I seems to be justified not only in high-risk patients, but also in intermediate-risk and low-risk patients. The guidelines of The American and British Thyroid Association, European and American Societies of Nuclear Medicine, The European Consensus Group and the latest edition of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) were considered in drawing up this continuing education document, we also undertook a review of the related scientific literature.
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