Biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles@graphene oxide nanocomposite using Annona muricata leaf extract and its antibacterial and photocatalytic activity

The goal of this study was to examine an effective green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) utilising Annona muricata leaf extract. Further, their synthesis of an optimal complex of CuONPs and graphene oxide (CuONPs@GO) nanocomposite for photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The morphological and structural characteristics of CuONPs, CuONPs@GO complex, CuONPs@dye, CuONPs@GO@dye complex were confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The XRD showed that the size of synthesized CuONPs, and CuONPs@GO nanocomposites are face-centred cubic crystalline with 40 nm and were nearly spherical in shape. The photocatalytic activity of CuONPs and CuONPs@GO was measured using the photodegradation of methylene blue in the presence of sunlight. The result depicts around 95% decolorization efficiency at 150 min by CuONPs@GO compared to CuONPs as such. In addition, the assessment of antibacterial activity of CuONPs and CuONPs@GO towards both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi showed a significant zone of inhibition. The results concluded that the green synthesized CuONPs@GO acts more promisingly as a perfect photocatalyst and antibacterial agent when it is enhanced with GO.