Analysis of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and tocopherols in Lichens

2002 
To accurately measure the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids in lichen tissues, and to determine their metabolic roles, requires careful selection of appropriate techniques and equipment. Despite the progress in the chromatography of pigments it is still frequent practice to measure the amounts of individual chlorophylls and total carotenoids spectrophotometrically in mixed extracts. However, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques have facilitated the separation and quantification of plastid pigments. Fast one-step separations of chlorophylls and carotenoids have been described (e.g. Siefermann-Harms 1988, Pfeifhofer 1989, Thayer and Bjorkman 1990). Reversed-phase partition chromatography is now most widely used for the routine analysis of pigments in natural extracts (for reviews see Bramley 1992, Young et al. 1997).
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