Urolithiasis – a chronic and recurrent disease in a girl with multiple congenital anomalies and cerebral palsy– case report

Urolithiasis is a disease unit more common in adult patients. However in the pediatric population it is also an important clinical problem due to high risk of recurrence in the patient’s life among others. Hyperkalciuria, hyper uricemia, hyperoxaluria and cystinuria secondary to metabolic disorders promote stone formation. The aim of this study is the presentation of a case of a girl with multiple congenital anomalies, bilateral staghorn urolithiasis and bladder stones developing in the course of hypercalcemia. The patient was diagnosed with urolithiasis at the age of 2 months. The course of the disease in her case is char acterized by extremely frequent recurrences and numerous urinary tract infections of various aetiology, including high-resistant bacterial strains. These infections were often turbulent and required hospitalization. Due to the extent of urolithiasis, invasive treatment was necessary, both in the lower and upper urinary tract. Endoscopic techniques (transurethral cystolithotrypsy and ureterorenoscopy) were used in urinary bladder and ureter urolithiasis. Renal deposits were removed by the use of open access surgery (pyelolithotomy with intrarenal lithotrypsy). Although the ongoing development technology and miniaturization of equipment have allowed and popularized minimally invasive treatment of urolithiasis, some exceptional cases still require surgical treatment with open surgery. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEC) of all institutions.  No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.