Flow behaviours of liquid crystals on vertical alignment layers of polyimides

Nematic liquid crystals (LCs) dropped via micro-dispenser (3 μL) on a vertical alignment (VA) polyimide coated indium tin oxide glass substrate have been observed under crossed polarisers. The wettability between the LC and the VA polyimide layer was extremely low. The contact angle of the LC droplet was around 33° and the droplet diameter was much smaller than the LC on the parallel-aligned polyimide layer. The contact angle of the droplet increased, and the droplet diameter decreased, on increasing the molar fraction of the side group of the polyimide. The flow behaviour of the LC by assembling between the two substrates has been directly observed under crossed polarisers. The droplet spread out keeping a cross-extinction pattern during assembling. After assembling to a 5 μm gap, a dark field was observed in whole area on the polyimide alignment layer with 50 mol% side group. Increasing the side group enhanced aligning the LC perpendicular to the substrate, and no disclination appeared.