Vitamin K2-MK-7 improves nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice

Abstract Although, vitamin K2 displays vasoprotective effects, is still not known whether K2 treatment improves endothelial dysfunction. In ApoE/LDLR−/− mice at the stage prior to atherosclerosis development, four-week treatment with K2-MK-7, given at a low dose (0.05 mg/kg), improved acetylcholine- and flow-induced, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in aorta or in femoral artery, as assessed in vivo by MRI. This effect, was associated with an increased NO production, as evidenced by EPR measurements in ex vivo aorta. Treatment with a higher doses of K2-MK-7 (0.5; 5 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in plasma K2-MK-7 and K2-MK-4 concentration; without further improvement in endothelial function. In ApoE/LDLR−/− mice with developed atherosclerotic plaques, treatment with a low (0.03 mg/kg) or high (10 mg/kg) dose of K2-MK-7 resulted in a similar degree of endothelium-dependent vasodilation improvement and increase in plasma nitrate concentration, what was not associated with changes in thrombin generation as measured by CAT. Both doses of K2-MK-7 also reduced media thickness in the brachiocephalic artery, but did not modify atherosclerotic plaque size. In conclusion, K2-MK-7 improves NO-dependent endothelial function in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice. This study, identifies the endothelial profile of the pharmacological activity of vitamin K2, which had not been previously described.