Spear governing algorithms for Pelton turbines on SPP

In the paper the three methods of spear valve governing for Pelton turbine are presented. The first algorithm is suitable for governing with minimal measuring equipment. The second algorithm suggests successive spear valve opening and closing to the next predefined level and in the predefined order, depending on the total opening position needed. The third algorithm demands constant monitoring of all spear valve openings and then chooses the most competent spear valve for opening/closing, which enables more symmetrical turbine governing. The test results of all of the proposed algorithms on SPP are presented.