Cytotoxic effect of niobium phosphate glass-based gutta-percha points on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro

INTRODUCTION The outcome of root canal obturation might be affected by the chemical components of the chosen filling materials. Niobium phosphate glass-based gutta-percha (GNB) was proposed as a biomaterial-based obturation point. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and cell modulation effects of GNB points on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) in vitro METHODS: Human PDLF were cultured for the assays. Extracts of regular gutta-percha points (GP) and GNB were obtained, serially diluted (1:5, 1:10, and 1:25), and used to stimulate PDLF. Cell viability assay was performed using Alamar blue reagent, and RT-qPCR was used to assess the gene expression for collagen type 1 (COL-1) and cementum protein 1 (CEMP-1). A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-test was performed (p < 0.05) RESULTS: Regular GP reduced cell viability only in pure extracts, while GNB exhibited cytotoxicity to PDLF in pure extracts as well as 1/5 and 1/10 dilutions. The gene expression of COL-1 was downregulated only in the GNB group (p < 0.05). The expression of CEMP-1 remained unaltered by both tested materials. CONCLUSION The addition of niobium phosphate glass to GP points increased cytotoxicity, affecting PDLF viability and partially disturbing physiological cell function.