Dynamics of domain walls in Ti-Ni-Cu alloy

The internal friction for Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys (SMAs) was measured in the Hz and kHz range. The peak temperature in the Hz range is independent of the measuring frequencies. Only in the tens of kHz range does the peak temperature shift with the frequencies, showing a thermally activated progress with = 0e-B/Tc - T, characteristic of viscous motion of domain walls, instead of the Arrhenius relation. Taking into account the change of the density of the domain walls during the phase transformation, we modified the Q-1-formula by using a model of viscous motion of domain walls, obtaining a good result in agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, corresponding parameters, which play a key role in the shape memory effect, such as the viscosity coefficient and the effective pinning force constant, were obtained.