Hadronic physics with a polarized Electron Ion Collider

A high luminosity polarized Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) can provide precise and complete data essential to the ultimate understanding of the microscopic structure of matter. With a luminosity in excess of 1033⋅1/A cm−2 s−1 and a variable center-of-mass energy in the range of 30 to 100 GeV, EIC would be a powerful new microscope to probe the partonic structure of matter. The scientific highlights motivating the machine are summarized.