Circular Mitochondrial DNA: A Geant4‑DNA User Application for Evaluating Radiation‑induced Damage in Circular Mitochondrial DNA

The aim of this study was to develop a nucleotide geometrical model of the circular mitochondrial DNA (mt‑DNA) structure using Geant4‑DNA toolkit to predict the radiation‑induced damages such as single‑strand breaks (SSB), double‑strand breaks (DSB), and some other physical parameters. Our model covers the organization of a circular human mt genetic system. The current model includes all 16,659 base pairs of human mt‑DNA. This new mt‑DNA model has been preliminarily tested in this work by determining SSB and DSB DNA damage yields and site‑hit probabilities due to the impact of proton particles. The accuracy of the geometry was determined by three‑dimensional visualization in various ring element numbers. The hit locations were determined with respect to a reference coordinate system, and the corresponding base pairs were stored in the ROOT output fle. The coordinate determination according to the algorithm was consistent with the expected results. The output results contain the information about the energy transfers in the backbone region of the DNA double helix. The output fle was analyzed by root analyzing tools. Estimation of SSBs and DSBs yielded similar results with the increment of incident particle linear energy transfer. In addition, these values seem to be consistent with the corresponding experimental determinations. This model can be used in numerical simulations of mt‑DNA radiation interactions to perform realistic evaluations of DNA‑free radical reactions. This work will be extended to supercoiled conformation in the near future.