The role of connectivity and noise in the emergence of spontaneous activity in cultured neuronal networks
2014
Cultured neurons
in vitro
quickly connect to
one another to establish a spontaneously active network
within a week. The resulting neuronal network is char-
acterized by a combination of excitatory and inhibitory
integrate–and–fire units coupled through synaptic connec-
tions, and that interact in a highly nonlinear manner. The
nonlinear behavior emerges from the dynamics of both the
neurons’ membrane potential and synaptic transmission,
together with intrinsic biological noise. These ingredients
give rise to a rich repertoire of phenomena that are still
poorly understood, including periodic spontaneous activ-
ity, avalanches, propagation of activity fronts, and synchro-
nization. Here we describe some experimental results on
spontaneous activity in cultures, and elaborate on theoreti-
cal models that describe its initiation and maintenance
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