A Distributed Control Scheme of Microgrids in Energy Internet and Its Multi-Site Implementation

Internet-of-Things concepts are evolving the power systems to the Energy Internet paradigm. Microgrids (MGs), as the basic elements in an Energy Internet, are expected to be controlled in a more flexible and corporate manner. This paper proposes a novel distributed control scheme for multi-agent systems (MASs) governed MGs in future Energy Internet. The control objectives are frequency/voltage restoration and proportional power sharing. The proposed control scheme considers both intra and inter MASs interaction, which offers group plug-and-play capability of distributed generators (DGs). The stability and communication delay issues in the control framework are also analysed. A multi-site implementation framework is presented to explain the agent structure as well as data exchange in local area networks and the cloud server. Then a cyber hardware-in-the-loop (C-HiL) experiment is conducted to validate the proposed control methods and multi-site implementation. The experimental results prove the effectiveness and application potentials of the proposed approach.