Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Superior Rate Capability for Sodium-Based Batteries

New energy technologies are critical to address global concerns regarding energy shortages and environmental issues. Lithiumbased batteries are currently the technology of choice to develop renewable energy technology and electric vehicles due to their high energy density. In this context, if electric vehicles are to gain a signifi cant share of future automobile markets, battery production and, therefore, the demand of lithium must grow proportionately and perhaps unsustainably. Therefore there is growing concern regarding the increasing cost and an uneven geological distribution of lithium source in recent years. [ 1 ]