Hierarchical nano-sized ZnZr-Silicalite-1 multifunctional catalyst for selective conversion of ethanol to butadiene

Abstract Direct conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB) is a promising process for the production of renewable butadiene, but it still confronts great obstacles such as low butadiene selectivity and poor stability. Here, we report a hierarchical nano-sized ZnZr-Silicalite-1 multifunctional catalyst with high catalytic performance and stability in direct ETB process, and it was prepared by a facile one-pot crystallization process. The hierarchical nano-sized ZnZr-Silicalite-1 multifunctional catalyst achieved excellent butadiene selectivity of 61.4% and ethanol conversion of 89.8% at 350 °C and 0.38 h−1. More importantly, it possessed superior stability compared to the previously reported catalyst systems. The effect of catalyst properties on catalytic performance were investigated using multiple characterized techniques. The results displayed that the ZnZr-Silicalite-1 catalyst possessed a hierarchical nano-sized structure, synergistic effects of various active centers, and suitably balanced acid-base properties. These properties realized excellent catalytic performance and stability for direct ETB conversion.