Efeitos do extrato rico em polifenois da folha de Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels sobre a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em camundongos com obesidade induzida por l-glutamato monossódico

ABSTRACT Obesity is one of the most prevalent metabolic conditions in modern society and stems from the chronic imbalance between the energy expended and the calories ingested. It is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is due to excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, with a global prevalence of 82% in obese individuals. Thus, the search for therapeutic alternatives arouses interest in medicinal plants, among them Syzygium cumini, belonging to the family Myrtaceae and popularly known as jambolan. With this, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich extract (PRE) and myricetin (MCT) on the NAFLD of mice with obesity induced by monosodium L-glutamate. For this, the PRE of the leaves of Syzygium cumini was obtained from the maceration, centrifugation, concentration, partition and lyophilization processes, using it as a treatment for the metabolic disorder of Mus musculus, Swiss strain, with 120 days of life. These were divided into 4 experimental groups: control (dose of 0.1 mL/Kg/day of saline 0.9%), obese (dose of 0.1 mL/Kg/day of saline 0.9%), obese + ERP (dose of 0.5 g/Kg/day of PRE) and obese + MCT (dose of 0.5 g/Kg/day of myricetin), all administered through gavage, for 45 days. Weight, nasoanal length, glycolipid and biochemical profile were monitored throughout the observational period. At the end of the treatment, the liver was collected for histological analysis, in addition to the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the PRE, from the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•). It was observed that both PRE and MCT had anti-obesogenic effects: they considerably decreased the fasting glycemia, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia of treated obese animals, when compared to lean control. In addition, PRE significantly attenuated the hepatic steatosis of the treated animals, whereas MCT was able to completely reverse all the parameters of the NAFLD of the treated animals. Regarding antioxidant activity, PRE was highly efficient, since it was able to eliminate DPPH• radicals rapidly. Therefore, the species Syzygium cumini is a promising alternative treatment for metabolic diseases of degenerative-chronic association with oxidative stress, because it has a high amount of polyphenolic compounds, especially MCT.