Retraction Note to: Lupeol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer PCNA-1 cells through AKT/ERK pathways.
2021
Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, present in many fruits and medicinal
plants, has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties including
anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. However, the precise mechanism
involved remains largely unknown. The present study is conducted to investigate the
anti-cancer activity and the underlying mechanisms of lupeol on human pancreatic
cancer proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1 (PCNA-1) cells in vitro and in vivo.
Lupeol significantly inhibited the proliferation of the cells in dose- and
time-dependent manners and induced apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in G0/G1
phase by upregulating P21 and P27 and downregulating cyclin D1. The expression of
apoptosis-related proteins in cells was evaluated by western blot analysis, and we
found that lupeol induced cell apoptosis by decreasing the levels of p-AKT and
p-ERK. In addition, pretreatment with a specific PI3K/AKT activator (IGF-1)
significantly neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of lupeol in PCNA-1 cells,
demonstrating the important role of AKT in this process. More importantly, our in
vivo studies showed that administration of lupeol decreased tumor growth in a
dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated the downregulation
of p-AKT and p-ERK in tumor tissues following lupeol treatment, consistent with the
in vitro results. Therefore, these findings indicate that lupeol can inhibit cell
proliferation and induce apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest of PCNA-1 cells and
might offer a therapeutic potential advantage for human pancreatic cancer
chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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