Identifying Outcome Measures for Type 2 Diabetes Value-Based Contracting Using the Delphi Method

BACKGROUND: Value-based contracts (VBCs) between payers and pharmaceutical manufacturers link drug payments to predefined performance measures and require shared risk between both entities. It is unclear how outcome measures were selected in previously reported VBCs, and many VBCs have focused on surrogate endpoints often used in the conduct of clinical trials, which may not be valued by or of importance to patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify outcome measures that are meaningful to key stakeholders and feasibly measured to inform VBCs for diabetes medications. METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi survey to incorporate views from patients (n = 9), endocrinologists (n = 5), primary care physicians (n = 4), payers (n = 3), pharmacy benefit managers (n = 3), and pharmaceutical company representatives (n = 2). A list of 12 diabetes-related outcome measures was generated from the literature and consultations with subject matter experts. Participants rated the importance of each outcome on a 5-point Likert scale...