FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE RISK OF CANCER IN DIABETES

Several studies revealed a frequent association with increased cancer risk in diabetes. The results of these studies indicate that some types of cancer develop more commonly in patients with diabetes; the relative risks are greater for liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancer and less for colon, rectum, breast, and bladder cancer. Lung cancers do not appear to be associated with an increased risk in diabetes, and the evidence for kidney cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma is inconclusive. Prostate cancer occurs less often in men with diabetes. Most of the epidemiological data on cancer incidence and mortality has been obtained for type 2 diabetic patients and these findings cannot be extended to type 1 diabetic subjects. Obesity, the quality of metabolic control, the administered drugs, the possible presence of chronic complications, the increased oxidative stress and the potential role of inflammatory cytokines are some of the factors present in diabetic patients, that may influence the association between diabetes and cancer. Rezumat Studii recente publicate in literatura de specialitate au relevat incidenţa crescută de apariţie a cancerului la pacienţii diabetici. Cele mai frecvent intalnite tipuri de neoplasme au fost identificate la nivelul ficatului, pancreasului si endometrului si mai puţin la nivelul colonului, rectului, glandelor mamare si vezicii biliare. Cancerul pulmonar, renal si limfoamele non-Hodgkin nu au fost corelate semnificativ cu diabetul. Cele mai multe date din literatură corelează incidenţa apariţiei cancerului cu diabetul de tip 2, si mai puţin cu diabetul de tip 1. Factorii ce favorizează dezvoltarea neoplasmelor la pacienţii diabetici sunt: obezitatea, stresul oxidativ, precum si prezenţa citokinelor pro-inflamatorii.